1. Three components to complete a general anesthetic: amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation.
2. Inhalation anesthetics are used to induce general anesthesia in pediatric patients, as well as maintain an anesthetic during surgery for adult and pediatric patients.
3. Induction agents (i.e. propofol, thiopental sodium, methohexital, andketamine) are used to induce general anesthesia by the intravenous route. Propofol can be used as an infusion to maintain general anesthesia. Ketamine can be used by the intravenous route to maintain general anesthesia by administering additional boluses.
4. Muscle relaxants: Depolarizing muscle relaxants include succinylcholine. Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants include pancuronium, vecuronium, atracurium, and rocuronium. These medications aid in muscle relaxation for intubation and surgical relaxation.
5. Analgesics include opioid and non-opioid medications. These medications are important in providing analgesia for the patient during and after the anesthetic. Opioid agonist-antagonists are used to treat mild pain.
6. An opioid antagonist (i.e. naloxone) is useful when an overdose of an opioid occurs.
7. Anti-anxiety medications(i.e. midazolam or diazepam) are useful in the preoperative period to help calm the patient. They are also useful in providing amnesia so the patient will not have recall.
8. Anti-nausea medications reduce nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period. Nausea and vomiting is a common complication of general anesthesia.
9. Vasopressors (i.e. ephedrine) are useful in the treatment of hypotension. Resuscitation medications are used if the patient experiences a cardiac arrest or life threatening bradycardia
( atropine).
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